مدى أثر خطأ صاحب العمل على سمات التعويض العمالي ونطاقه في القانون الأردني

اسيد حسن الذنيبات, فوزي محمود السحيمات

Abstract


تسلط هذه الدراسة الضوء على أثر خطأ صاحب العمل في استحقاق العامل المصاب للتعويض العمالي ومقدراه في قانوني العمل والضمان الاجتماعي الأردني من جانب، وفي سمات هذا التعويض من جانب آخر، المشرع الأردني أقرّ للعامل المصاب تعويضاً رئيسياً يستحق بقوة القانون دون اعتداد بخطأ صاحب العمل في إحداثه، وهو تعويض يمتاز بالتلقائية ويستحقه العامل بمجرد تحقق الإصابة عن حادث عمل واكتسابه صفة العامل، كما يمتاز بالجزافية لتحديده سلفا وبكونه تعويضا جزئيا لا يجبر كامل الضرر في بعض الأحيان.
ولكن المشرع مع ذلك لم يشأ استبعاد خطأ صاحب العمل كلية بل اعتد به استثناء في تحديد مقدار التعويض إذ أجاز للعامل المصاب الحصول على تعويض تكميلي إذا كانت الإصابة بخطأ صاحب العمل، غير أنه اعتد بخطأ صاحب العمل البسيط في قانون العمل، وخطئه الجسيم في قانون الضمان الاجتماعي، دون مبرر لهذا التمييز الأمر الذي شكل إشكالية لهذا البحث.
وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة توحيد درجة خطأ صاحب العمل في قانوني العمل والضمان الاجتماعي أساساً لاستحقاق العامل المصاب تعويضاً تكميلياً بدلاً من اشتراط الخطأ الجسيم في قانون الضمان الاجتماعي والخطأ البسيط في قانون العمل، وضرورة عدم الاعتداد بخطأ العامل المصاب لحرمانه من التعويض العمالي تحقيقا لفكرة حقه في السلامة الجسدية وحمايته من الخطر المهني وعدم تركه عبئا على المجتمع.



The impact of the employer's fault in the light of the employees compensation in the Jordanian law

This study highlights the impact of employer's fault on the rights of the injured employee for compensation as well as its amount in the Jordanian labor law and the Jordanian social welfare law. The Jordanian legislator decided to give the injured worker a compensation that is guaranteed by the power of law without considering the faultof employer in causing it; it is a compensation that is characterized by automation، where the worker has the right to get it when he is exposed to work injury as a worker. It is also characterized by being arbitrary as it is previously restricted by law and considering it as a partial compensation that doesn't compensate for all the harm in some cases.
The legislator didn't exclude the employer's fault، where it was considered in determining the amount of compensation and allowed the injured worker to obtain a complementary compensation if the injury resulted from the employer's fault. However، the legislator considered the simple error of the employer in the labor law and his massive faultin the social welfare law without a justification for such a distinction.
The study concluded about the necessity of unifying the degree of employer's error in the laws of labor and social welfare as a basis on which the injured worker can obtain a complementary compensation instead of considering the massive faultin the social welfare law and the small fault in the labor law. The study also recommended the necessity of not considering the error of the injured worker to deprave him from the main worker's compensation in order to achieve the idea of his right in physical safety، saving him from risk and promote his role in the community.

Keywords


التعويض العمالي، الخطأ الجسيم، التعويض التلقائي، الحقوق العمالية

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/1821

Published by
MUTAH UNIVERSITY