موقف نيابة الرحبة من الغزو المغولي والصراعات الداخلية أثناء العصر المملوكي (658-922هـ/ 1260-1516م)
Abstract
ملخص
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى مناقشة موقف نيابة الرحبة من الخطر المغولي والصراعات المملوكية الداخلية، فقد فرض موقعها الجغرافي الفاصل بين بلاد الشام والعراق على السلطة المملوكية الاهتمام بها كثغر إسلامي والعمل على تحصينها وشحنها بالمقاتلة وإمدادها بالجيوش من النيابات المجاورة لتقوم بدورها كثغر حدودي يقع في أقصى الشرق لمواجهة الهجمات المغولية المتكررة، وملاحقة أعداء السلطان من الثوار والخارجين عن الطاعة. وركّزت الدراسة على التعريف بموقع مدينة الرحبة كثغر إسلامي شُكّلت فيه نيابة مستقلة منذ أن انتقلت تبعيتها للسلطان المملوكي في عهد الظاهر بيبرس، وأبرزت الدراسة دور نوابها وأهلها في صد الهجمات المغولية المتكررة على بلاد الشام، والوقوف في وجه حركات العصيان التي قام بها بعض نواب النيابات الشامية، وأمراء القبائل البدوية المتنازعون في الإمرة، وأوضحت الدراسة أثر تلك النزعات التي اتخذت من أراضي النيابة مسرحا لعملياتها العسكرية على أوضاع النيابة من كافة النواحي.
The Attitude of Al-Rahba Province from Mongol Invasion and Internal Mamluk Conflicts in the Mamluk Era (658-922 H/1260-1516 AD)
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the role of Al-Rahbah Islamic Province and its position from the danger of the Mongol in the Thaghr in the Mamluk political history. Because of the geographical location of Al-Rahbah Islamic Province, the Mamluk authority was very interested in it; therefore, they fortified it and urged it with fight, supplying it with military campaigns from nearby states, in order to perform its role as a boundary position located in the east to fight Moghuls. The article focused on identifying the way Al-Rahbah Islamic Province was adhered to the Mamluk Sultan, and the role of its people and representatives in facing the outside dangers exemplified by standing against the Moghuls' attacks on the Levant Province (Bilad Al-Sham). The article showed the attitude of Al-Rahbah Islamic Province towards movements of upheaval performed by some of the representatives of Al-Sham Province against the Mamluk Sultanates. The article also revealed that the State territories were affected by the tribal conflicts among the families of Al-Fadhl tribe who were competing on the Arab leadership.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (العربية)References
Reference:
Ibn A. A, Al-mufaddal. (1912). Al-nahj Al-sadeed wal Dur Al-farid. Feema ba’ad Tarikh Ibn Al-ameed, paris .
Ibn E. (Iyas) Abu – albarakat muhammad Ibn Ahmad .(1984). Bada’I Al-zuhor Fee Waqae’e al-duhor , Al-haia’a Al-mesreya al-amaa Lelketab, Al-qahera.
Ibn, A. Al Dawadari, Abu Baker Abdullah. (1971). Kanz Al-durar wa jame’e al ghurar, Al-juz’ al thamen wa howa Al-durrah al zakeya fe akhbar al-dawla al turkey, Al-qahera.
Ibn T. Baradi, Abual -Mahasin Jamal al-Din Yusuf.(D.T). Al- nojoum Al- zahera fe molouk Mesr wa al- qahera,. Wezarat Al-thaqafa wa al-ershad al-qawmy, Dar al-kutub, mesr .
Ibn T. Baradi, Abual –Mahasin Jamal al- Din Yusuf.(1988). Al- manhal Al-safi wa Al- mustawfa Ba’d Al-wafi. Al- hai’a al-Mesreya al amma lel ketab al- qahera .
Ibn T. B, Abu al- Mahasin jamal al-Din yusuf. (D.T). mowarde Al- latafa feman wolleya al- khelafa, al- qahera .
Ibn T. B, Abu- daleel Al- shafi Ala al- Manhal al- safi .(1998). Mactba’at Dar al Kutub al Mesreya, al- qahera .
Ibn H. H. bin Omar bin Hassan bin Omar.(1976) .Tathterat al- nabeeh feayam al- Mansour wa baneeh, Dar al- kutub, al- qahera.
Ibn H. al- Askalani, Shehab al- Deen Ahmad ibn Ali.(1976). Al- Durar al- Kamena Fe A’aian al-me’a al-thamena. Dar al- kutub al- hadeetha, al- qahera .
Ibn H. al- Askalani, Ahmad Ibn Ali.(1977). Anba’a Al-Ghamr be Abna’a Al-omr. Daera Al-maaref Al-Othmaneya , Haidar Abad al-Dakn 1387-1388/1967-1968, al-qahera .
Ibn H, Abu al- Qasim Muhammad al- Baghdadi.(1934). Surat al- ard . Dar Sader , Avest Leiden, Beirut .
Ibn K. al- Nasiriyah, Ala’a ALDIN. al- Durr Al- Muntakhab fe Takmelat Tareekh Halab. Dar al- Awqat al- Islamya fe Halab number (1212.H.)
Ibn k. Abu al- Abbas Ahmad Ibn Muhammad .(1972). wafeyat al- A’ayan wa anba’a al-zaman .Dar Sader Beirut .
Ibn K. Abdulrahman bin Muhammad .(2000). Al-ebar wa Dewan al- mobtada’a wa al- khabar fe ayam al- arab wa al- ajam wa al- barbar wa man asarahom men thawi al- sultan al- akbar . Dar Al- Fikr, Beirut.
Ibn K. A. bin Muhammad. (2004). Rehat Ibn Khaldoun, Dar al-Kutub al- Elmeya, Beiruit.
Ibn D. Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Idmer al-Alai’e.(1986). al- Jawhar Al- thamein Fe Serat Kholafa’a wa al- Salaten , al- Saudi Arabia .
Ibn S. B. al- Din yusuf bin Rafi’e .(1964). Al-Nawader al- Sultaneya wa al- Mahasen al- yusufiyah. Dar al- al Kutub al Mesreya, al- qahera.
Ibn S. E. Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Ibrahim .(1991). al- A’alaq al- khatera fe Thekr Omara’a al-Sham wa al- Jazeerah , Demachq .
Ibn S. M. ibn Muhammad .(1963). al-Durra al-Mudee’a Fe Al dawlah Ahthaheria, .California, Berkaley.
Ibn -al – S. A. ibn Dawood .(1976). Nozahat al- Nofous wa al-Abdan fe tawareekh al- zaman, Dar al- Kutub, mesr .
Ibn T. S. al- Din ibn Muhammad .(1956). A’alam al-Warah beman woleyya naeba’a men al- atrak be Demashq al- Sham al- Kabrah. Dar al- fekr, Demashq .
Ibn Abd al- thaher, Muhyi al- Din. (1976). al- Rawd al- zaher fe Seerat al- malek al- khuwaiter. al- Reyad
Ibn Abd al- Thaher, Muhyi al- Din. (1961). Tashreef al- Ayam wa al- Osour fe seerat al- malek al- Mansour. al- qahera .
Ibn al- Abri, Abu al- Faraj Yohana Gregoris. (1992). Tareekh Mokhtasar al- Duwal, Dar al- shrouq, Beiruit .
Ibn Al- Adim, Omar ibn Ahmad ibn Hibat Allah. (1988). Bughyat Al- talap Fi tarikh mamlakat halap. Demashq .
Ibn al- Furat, Naser al- Din Muhammad bin Abdulrahim . (1936-1942). Tareekh al- Duwal wa al- M.olouk . Beirut.
Ibn F. Al- Omari, A. ibn Yahya .(1992). al-Ta’areef Belmostalah Al- shareef. Mu’tah, Al- karak.
Ibn al- F, Abu Abdullah Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq al- Hamathany .(1996). Al-buldan.Beirut .
Ibn Q. S, Taqi al-Din Ahmad. (1977). Tareeth Ibn Qadi Shahbah C3 edited Adnan Darwish, al-Ma’ahad al-Elme al-Faransi lel derasat al-arabeia Demashq.
Ibn Al-Qalansi, H. ibn Asad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad. (1983). Tareekh Demashq., Dar Hassan, Demashq.
Ibn katheer, Abu al-Fida’a Ismail ibn Omar.(1986). Al-Bedaya wa Al-Nehaya fe al-Tareekh . Dar al-Fiker, Beirut .
Ibn Mr, Abu al-Fadl Muhammad ibn Makram ibn Ali.(1986). Lesan Al,Arab . Dar Sader, Beirut .
Ibn N. al-Hamawi, Muhammad ibn Ali. (1981). Al-Tareekh al-Mansouri, Talkhees al-kashf wa al-Bayan fe Hawadeth al-Zaman. Demashq .
Ibn w, J. al-Din Muhammad ibn Salem. (1975). Mufarrej al-Koroub fe Akhbar Bani Ayoub. Dar al-kutub wa al-Watheq al-Qawmeyam, Mesr .
Ibn al-wardi, Zein al-Din Omar ibn Muzaffar. (1969). Tutamat Al mukhtasir Fi tarikh Albashar. al-Najaf.
Ibn y, S. (1986). Tareekh.Wa howa akhbar al-salaf fe thurey al Buhtr bin Ali Ameer al-arab, Dar al-Mashreq. Beirut.
Abu S, S. alddin Abdulrahman ibn Ismail. (1956-1962). ketab Al-Rawdatain fe akhbar al-dawlatain al-noreya wa al-salateya, edited. al-qahera.
Abu al-Fid’a, al-malik al-moayyad, Imad al-Din Ismail. (1907). al-Mokhtasar fe akhbar al-bashar. Al-qahera.
Abu al-Fida, Imad al-Din Ismail Muhammad ibn Omar.(1940). Taqweem al-buldan.Beirut.
Al-Estakhrey, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad.(2004). Al-masalek wa Al-mamalek. Dar Sader, Beirut .
Al-Baghdadi, Safi al-Din Abd al-Mu’min.(1954). Marased al-Attela’a fe asma’a al-Amkenah wa al-Beqa’a. Al-Qahera .
Al-Jazri, S. al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Abi Bakr.(1958). Tareekh Hawadeth al-zaman wa anbaeh wa wafeyat al-akaber wa al-a’ayan men abna’eh. Beirut .
Al-Hanbali, A. ibn Ibrahim.(1978). Shefa’a al’qoloub fe Manaqeb Bani Ayoub.Baghdead .
Al-Hanbali, Abu al-Falah Abd al-Hayy Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-amad.(1986) Shatharat al-Thahab fe Akhbar men Thahab . Dar al-kather elmeyya, Beirut.
Al-Dawadari Al-Mansouri, Baybars.(1998). Zubdat al-Fekrah fe tareekh al-hejrah edited Donald s. Beirut .
Al-dawadari Al-Mansowri, Baybours.(1987). al-Tuhfah al-moloukeya fe al-Dawla al-Turkiya, Tareekh al-Mamalik al-bahreya fe al-fatrab men 648-711. Al-Dar al-Masreya al-lub naneya .
Al-Diyar B, Hussein ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hassan. (1884) Tareekh Al-Khamees fe Ahwal Anfas al-Nafees .Dar Sader, Beirut.
Al-thahabi, Shams al-Din Abu-Abullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Othman ibn Qaimaz, (2003) Tareekh al-Islam wa wafaiat al-mashaheer wa al-a’alam. Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, Beirut .
Sabt ibn Al-Jawzi, Shams al-Din Abi Almuthaffar ibn Qazaweghly. (1968). Marat Al-zaman fe Tareekh Al-zaman. Ankara .
Al-Sakhawi, M. ibn Abdrlrahman .(1995). Wajeez Al-kalam fe Al-Thil ala Duwal Al-Islam .Beirut .
Al-Sakawi, M. ibn Abdulrahman.(1992) Al-Do’oe Al-lame’e Le Al-Qarn Al-tase’e.Dar al-Jil. Beirut .
Al-Sakhawi, M. ibn Abdulrahman .(1995). Al-Thail Ala Duwal Al-Islam. Al-Resala. Beirut.
Shaykh al-Rabwa,Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Talib al-Ansari.(1865). Nukhbat Al-Dahr fe Ajaeb Al-Bar wa Al-Bahr, Petersburg .
Al-Safudi, S. al-Din Khalil ibn Aibek ibn Abdullah . (1998). Al-wafi Belwafiyat. Beirut .
Al-Safadi, S. al-Din Khalilibn Aibek ibn Abdullah.(1998). Aayan Al-Asr wa A’awan al-nasr. Dar Al-Fekr Al-Moaser, Beirut.
Al-Safadi, S. al-Din khalil ibn Aibek ibn Abdullah.(1955) Omara’a Demasq fe Al-Islam.Dimashq.
Al-A, Badr al-Din Mahmoud.(1987). Aqd Al-Juman fe Tareekh Ahl al-zaman . Al-Qahera.
Al-Q, Abu Al-Abbas Ahmad.(1985). Ma’ather Al-anaqa fe Ma,alem al-khelafa. Al-Kuwait .
Al-Qalqashandi, Abu al-abbas Ahmad.(1984) Nehayat al-Arb fe Ma’arefat Ansab Al-Arab.Dar Al-kutub al-Elmeia. Beirut .
Al-Qalqashandi, Abu-alAbaas Ahmad.(1963). Subh al-A’sha fe senae’t Al-Ensha .Al-Qahera.
Majhoul (mansoub le Ibn al-Foti). (1932) Al-Hawadeth Al-jame’a wa Al-tajarub Al-Nafe’a fe Al-me’a al-sabe’a .Baghdad .
Mujair al-Din al-Hanbali, Abdulrahman ibn Muhammad Al-Alimi.(1973). Al-Ons al-Jalil be Tarekh Al-Quds wa Al-khalil .Amman .
Al-Maqrizi, A. ibn Ali. (1997). Al-Solouk le ma’arefal-Duwal Al-moloul .Beirut .
Al-Maqrizi, A. ibn Ali.(2000). Al-thahab Al-masbouk fe Thekr men Haj men al-khulafa’a al-molouk . Al-Qahera .
Al-Maqrizi, A. ibn Ali.(2002). Durar Al-Oquod Al-Fareeda Fe Tarajum Al-a’ayan al-mofeeda.Beirut.
Al-Nuwairi, s. al-Din Ahmad ibn abdulWahab.(1992). nehayet Al-arb Fe Funon Al- Adab. Al-Haia’a Al-mesreya Al-amma lel ketab.Mesr .
Al- Hamathani, R. Al-Din Fadlullah.(1983). Jame’e Al-tawareekh, Tareekh al-mongol. Al-Qahera .
Al- yafi’I , Abu Muhammad Afif al- Din Abdullah ibn Asaad ibn Ali ibn Suleiman.(1997). Mera’at , al- Jenan wa Ebrat at Yaqthan fe Ma’arefat ma you’tabar men Hawadeth al- zaman, . Beirut.
Yaqoot al- hamawi, Shhab Al-Din Abu – Abdullah.(1977) Moa’jam Al- buldan. Dar Sader Beirut .
Al- Yusufi, M. ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya.(1986) Nuzhat Al-Nazer fe seerat al- malek al- Naser. Beirut.
Al- Uneeni, Q. al- Din Abu al- Fath Musa ibn Muhammad .(1992). Thail mera’t al- zaman, Dar al- kitab al-Islami . Al- Qahera .
Ayoub, A. (1989). Al-Rastan, Demashaq.
Al-Hiyari, M. (1977). Al-emarah Al-Taeia fe belad Al-Sham. Amman.
Dahman, M.(1990). Mo’ajam al-alfath al-tareekhya fe al-masder al-mamlouky. Dar al-Fekr .Demashq .
Suror, M. J. (1947). Dawlat Bani Qalawoon fe Mesr .Dar al-Fekr. Al-Qahera
Al-Tarawneh, M. M. (1996).Nayabat Hems fe al-ahd al-mamlouky . Mu’tah
Al-Abbadi, A. M. (1986). Qeyam dawlat al-mamaleek al-ola fe mesr wa al-sham. Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiya.Beirut .
Al-Ghazi, K. (1419). Nahr al-Zahab, Dar al-Qalam Halab.
Majid, Abdel-Moneim.(1966 ). al- tareekh al-seyasy lel dawla al-arabiya asr al-kholafa’a al-rashedin . Maktabat al-Jame’a al-arabeya. Beirut.
Maalouf, L. (1956). Al-monjed fe al-lugha wa al-adab wa al-a’alam a. Beirut.
Mo’ale feen. (1992). al-mo’ajam al-joghraphy lel –qutr al- Syria.
Al-Yozbaki,Tawfiq Sultan.(1979). Al-thugour wa dawruha al-askary wa al-hadary, Almousal.Magazines and Periodicals
Al- M. A. ibn S, Emaret al-Fadl al seyasy fe belad al-sham ebban al-asr al-mamlouky,Majalat Jame’at Umm Al-Qura le oloum al-sharee’a wa allugha al-arabya wa adaboha C17 , p29 1425,pp 535 -452.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/1437
Published by
MUTAH UNIVERSITY