نظرية الإمامة عند الماوردي في كتابه الأحكام السلطانية والولايات الدينية
Abstract
ملخص
الهدف الرئيس لهذا البحث هو رسم صورة واضحة المعالم حول فكرة الإمامة عند أبي الحسن الماوردي، بالاعتماد على كتابه "الأحكام السلطانية والولايات الدينية" تحديداً، نظراً لأهمية المعالجة الفقهية والفكرية التي قدّمها الماوردي في كتابه هذا في مسألة الإمامة، فقد اعتبرت مساهمة تأسيسية في ميدان الفكر السياسي السنيّ، كما شكّلت خطاً واتجاهاً راح يتعمّق ويترسّخ بمرور الزمن، عبر أجيال متلاحقة من الفقهاء والمفكرين.
وتعدّ مساهمة الماوردي بمثابة نظرية معرفية سنيّة في الإمامة، كما تمثل إنموذجاً للواقعية الفكرية، الهادفة إلى إشتقاق معالجات فكرية – فقهية توفيقية، توائم بين الفكرة والممارسة الواقعية، وتستجيب لتحديات الواقع أكثر مما تغرق في المثاليات النظرية. ويُعنى هذا البحث بالتعريف بالماوردي وعصره وبيئته، وأدواره السياسية، ونتاجه الفكري، وتسليط الضوء على كتابه" الأحكام السلطانية والولايات الدينية"، كما تهتم بدراسة وتحليل آراء الماوردي حول أهمية الإمامة، وطرق إنعقادها، والشروط الواجب توفرها في الإمام، وكيفية تولي الإمامة، وواجبات الإمام، وشروط أهل الحل والعقد، وما قدّمه الماوردي من اجتهادات وحلول فيما يخص ولاية العهد، والعلاقة بين الإمامة والإمارة، وأشكال الإمارة، وظروف منازعة الإمام صلاحياته، وعزله.
Abstract
The main objective of this research is to paint a clear lyceum about the theory of Imamate from the point view of Abu al-Hassan al-Mawardi, based precisely on his book "Sultanism Judgments and Religious States", because of the importance of the Jurisprudence and intellectual treatment presented by Al-Mawardi in this book in the issue of Imamate it was considered a founding contribution to the field of intellectual Sunni politic thought, as well as a line and direction that will deepen and take root over time, through successive generations of jurists and intellectuals.
Al-Mawardi’ s contribution is a Sunni theory of knowledge in the Imamate, as well as a model of intellectual realism, aimed at deriving intellectual-doctrinal compromises, combining idea and real practice, and responding more to the challenges of reality than sinking into theoretical ideals. This research is concerned with the definition of The Mawardi, his era and environment, his political roles, his intellectual output, and to highlight his book " Sultanism Judgments and Religious States",
as well as the study and analysis of The Mawardi’ s views on the importance of the Imamate, the ways of its convening, and the conditions to be met in the Imam, how to be an Imam, the duties of the Imam, the conditions of the people of solution and contract, and the jurisprudence and solutions provided by al-Mawardi with regard to the mandate of the Covenant, the relationship between the Imamate and the Principality, the forms of the principality, the circumstances of the Imam's dispute with his powers, and his isolation.
Key Words: Al-Mawardi, Imamate, Islamic intellect Thoughts, Islamic political system, jurisprudence and politics.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/2117
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