تحديد المناطق المعرضة للفيضانات في مدينة العقبة باستخدام الجغرافية الحديثة

سطام سالم الشقور

Abstract


هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على آلية حدوث الفيضانات في مدينة العقبة، وإنتاج خريطة للأماكن المعرضة للفيضانات في حال هطول أمطار بكثافة وديمومة عالية من خلال النمذجة الرقمية ضمن بيئة نظم المعلومات الجغرافية، وقد تم الحصول على البيانات المكانية من نموذج الارتفاعات الرقمية للقمر الصناعيASTR بدقة مكانية 30م. وبينت الخريطة المنتجة أن نحو 15% من مساحة منطقة الدراسة تقع تحت خطر الفيضانات والسيول؛ بسبب وجود حوض صخري مرتفع يطل على العقبة من الشرق، تتجمع فيه مياه الأمطار ثم تجري من خلاله الروافد التي تنحدر مصباتها باتجاه العقبة غرباً بشكل سريع؛ بسبب ضيق مقاطع الأودية وتلاقي روافد الأودية عند دخولها المدينة.
Determinng the Flood-Prone Areas in the City of
Aqaba Using Modern Geography


This study is a scientific approach to identify the occurrence mechanism of floods and flash floods in Aqaba city, by creating a function map for the major places that are prone to floods and torrential rains in the season of heavy rain, so that the main object of the study is creating a production map of flooding areas, which has already been produced through digital modeling of factors affecting data of flood using GIS, the spatial and geo-spatial data have been collected from elevation digital image of ASTR satellite with ground resolution around 10 meters.
The map function showed that there are about 15% of the study area is under the threat of floods, based on geomorphological, hydrological data the natural causes of flooding have been addressed for the study area, where it was noted that the eastern highlands of Aqaba city which considered geomorphologically as Basin rocky collected rainwater, in which abound tributary valleys that branches estuaries toward Gulf Aqaba. When heavy rains occur, the water starts to mix with sand and valleys sediment and it became highly saturated, and therefore began to move across the valleys to west direction of Aqaba city.

Keywords


وادي اليتم، الجيمورفولوجيا، الهيدرولوجيا، التقنيات الفضائية والجغرافية. Wadi Al- Yatem, geomorphology, hydrology, space and geographical techniques.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/1364

Published by
MUTAH UNIVERSITY