التباين المكاني للجريمة في محافظة عمان لعام 2015 باستخدام الأساليب الكمية ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Abstract
اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لتحقيق أهدافها؛ حيث تم استخدام أسلوب التحليل الكارتوجرافي من خلال توظيف تقنية نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) في إعداد الخرائط التي تبين مستوى التباين المكاني للجريمة بين مناطق المحافظة.
توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج ومنها: أن هنالك تبايناً مكانياً كمياً ونوعياً وأضحاً في توزيع وانتشار الجريمة بين مناطق المحافظة، وأن أهم العوامل المؤثرة في هذا التباين والتوزيع المكاني للجريمة بين هذه المناطق هي: الكثافة السكانية، وعدد السكان، ومساحة المنطقة، والبعد عن مركز ووسط المحافظة.
أوصت الدراسة باتخاذ حزمة من الإجراءات الرسمية الهادفة إلى الحد من تأثير واقع التباين المكاني بين مناطق المحافظة في رفع معدلات ارتكاب الجريمة في بعض المناطق، والعمل على علاج أسباب هذا التباين مما يساهم في الحد من انتشار الجريمة.
Spatial Variation of Crime in Amman Governorate for the year 2015 Using Quantitative Methods and GIS
Knowledge about the spatial incidence of crime has become an important component of public policy. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study aims to identify the distribution of crime in Amman Governorate for the year 2015 according to its administrative divisions (regions) and discuss the factors affecting this distribution. The study then introduces a classification of the Governorate areas by the levels of crime and constructs a geographical database which shows the spatial variation in the size and type of crimes across the Governorate.
The study uses an empirical approach to achieve its objectives. Cartographic analysis was also deployed through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. A key output is a portfolio of detailed maps which show the spatial variation in the incidence of crime between the regions of the governorate.
The findings of the study show a quantitative and qualitative spatial difference in the distribution and spread of crime between the regions of Amman governorate. The results also show that the most important factors affecting the spatial variation of crime in the governorate include population density, population size, the areal extent of the region, and the distance from the center of the Governorate.
A key recommendation is the development of a package of formal procedures aimed at reducing the impact of the spatial variation between the regions of Amman governorate, specifically to address raised levels of crime rates in some areas through attention to the causes of this spatial variation, and so reduce the spread of crime in the governorate.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (العربية)References
Reference:
Abu Thuraya, E. (2013). Crime Prevention and The Built Environment: Evaluation of Impact of Built Environment characteristics on Neighborhood Crime in Amman City, Master Thesis, The University of Jordan, Amman.
Eck, J. & Weisburd. D. (1995). Crime places in crime theory, Available on: citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.483.
Engjellushe, Z. & Myzafer, E. (2013). The geography of crime in Albania 2000-2012, a multidisciplinary journal of global macro trends, Available on: www.academia.edu/.../The_geography_of_crime_in_Al..
Haifeng, Z. And Michael, P. (2007), A Spatial Analysis Of Neighbourhood Crime In Omaha, Nebraska Using Alternative Measures Of Crime Rates , Internet Journal Ofcriminology, Available On: Www.Internetjournalofcriminology.Com/Zhang%20pete
Harries, K. (1974). The Geography of Crime and Justice, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Harries, K. (1984). Teaching about the Geography of Crime and Justice, Journal of Geography, 83(4), 165- 178.
Herbert, D. (1982). The Geography of Urban crime, long man Inc. London and New York.
Hooghe, M. Hardns, W. & Bircan, T. (2011). Unemployment, Inequality, and Crime. Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium, 2001-2006, British Journal of Criminology. 51,1-20.
Mostafa A. (2003). Crime Mapping and Spatial Analysis, Available on: https://www.itc.nl/library/papers_2003/.../ahmadi.pdf
Saffet, E. Mustafa, Y. & Mehmet, A. (2013). Exploratory spatial analysis of crimes against property in Turkey, Crime Law Soc Change, 59, 63–78.
Smith, J. (1984). Crime and the Structure of social Relation in Trans. Institute of British Geographers. 9 (4), 427-442.
Syerrina, Z. & Nuzlinda, A. (2015). the Mapping of Spatial Patterns of Violent Crime in Peninsular Malaysia: Normal Mixture Model Approach, Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 23 (2), 207 – 222.
Abu Al- Suod, A. (2016)The Geography of Crime in Giza Governorate, Unpublished M.A. Thesis,Cairo University,Egypt.
Al- Ammear, (2000). The Spatial and the temporal variation, Al-Affak Journal, Zarqa Private University, (4), 146-154.
Al- Dweikat, K. & Al- Faisal, K. (2010). Analysis of the pattern of distribution of theft crimes in the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia using GIS, Arab Universities Journal for arts, 17 (3), 591-627.
Al-Harbi, S. (2012). Crime in the Qassim Region "Geographical Study", M.A. Thesis, Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University, Al- Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Al- Khareef, R. (1999), Crime in the Saudi Cities: A Study in the Geography of Crime, (i 1), Riyadh: Crime Research Center - Ministry of Interior.
Al-Muhairat, B. (1999). Spatial Patterns of the Crime Phenomenon in Jordan in the Period 1985-1996: Applied Study in Social Geography, PhD Thesis, Nile University, Sudan.
Al-Muhairat, B. (2000). Geography ofthe Crime ,(i 1),Amman, Dar- Majdalawi.
Al-Walya'i, A. (1993). Robbery in the City of Riyadh: An Analytical and Field Study in the Geography of Crime, (i 1) Saudi Arabia: Ministry of Interior - Crime Research Center.
Al- Zayadi, H. (2015). The spatial variation of crime in the city of the Nasiriyah 2011: A study in social geography, Journal of the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies (Kuwait), 41 (158), 93-144.
Badawi, A. (2003). the spatial distribution of the crime in the city of al- Riyadh and its relation to the environmental characteristics of the place / analytical study in the geography of the crime, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Naif University for Security Sciences, Saudi Arabia. (Arabic).
Ben Mahia, N. (2003). The Relationship between Population Growth, Population Density and the Crime: Applied Study on Police Stations in al- Riyadh City, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Naif Arab Academy for Security Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
David, H. (2001) Geography of Urban Crime, (i 1),Translated by Leila Zazoua, Beirut: Dar Al Arabiya.
Department of Statistics (2015). General Population and Housing Census Amman, Jordan.
Eck, J. & Weisburd, D. (1995). Crime places in crime theory,Available on:citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.483.
Engjellushe. Z & Myzafer. E. (2013). The geography of crime in Albania 2000-2012,a multidisciplinary journal of global macro trends, Available on:www.academia.edu/.../The_geography_of_crime_in_Al..
Greater AmmanMunicipality (2015). GIS Department, Shape File for the Map of the Capital Governorate Areas According to the Security Divisions, Amman, Jordan.
Haifeng, Z. & Michael, P. (2007). A spatial Analysis of Neighborhood Crime in Omaha, Nebraska Using Alternative Measures of Crime Rates, Internet Journal of Criminology, Available on:www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Zhang%20Pete
Harries, K. (1984). Teaching about the Geography of Crime and Justice, Journal of Geography, 83(4), 165- 178.
Herbert. D. (1982). The Geography of Urban crime,long man Inc. London and New York.
Hooghe, M., Vanhoutte, B. Hardns, W. & Bircan, T. (2011). Unemployment, Inequality, and Crime. Spatial Distribution Patterns of Criminal Acts in Belgium, 2001-2006,British Journal of Criminology. 51:1-20.
Jaber, M. (2001). New Horizons in the Study of the Geography of Crime, Journal of the Egyptian Academy of Sciences, vol. 78, 119- 178.
Mostafa, A. (2003). Crime Mapping and Spatial Analysis, Available on:https://www.itc.nl/library/papers_2003/.../ahmadi.pdf
Public Security Directorate, Criminal Statistical Report (2015). Amman, Jordan.
Public Security Directorate (2015). Criminal Management Police Departmen "Unpublished Data". Amman, Jordan..
Saffet, E. Mustafa, Y. & Mehmet, A. (2013). Exploratory spatial analysis of crimes against property in Turkey,Crime Law Soc Change. 59, 63–78.
Shefaqah, A. & Abu Amra, S. (2012). Gaza Governorates A Study in the Geography of the Crime: Murder Crimes, Journal of PalestineUniversity for Research and Studies, 3, 585-603.
Smith, J. (1984). Crime and the Structure of social Relation in Trans.Institute of British Geographers. 9 (4), 427-442.
Syerrina, Z. & Nuzlinda, A. (2015). The Mapping of Spatial Patterns of Violent Crime in Peninsular Malaysia: Normal Mixture ModelApproach,Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 23 (2), 207 – 222.
Toukan, A. (2012). Spatial Distribution of the Crime in the City of Nablus and its Camps: A Study in the Social Geography, M.A. Thesis, An-NajahUniversity, Nablus, Palestine.
Zahra, M. (1995). Geography of the Crime Field, Curricula and Content, Scientific Symposium on the Geography of Crime, Egyptian Geographical Society, Cairo, Egypt.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/1300
Published by
MUTAH UNIVERSITY