الزراعة المائية: دراسة مرجعية
Abstract
أدى النمو الهائل للسكان في العالم إلى زيادة الطلب العالمي على الغذاء والتوسع في النشاط الزراعي مما زاد الضغط على موارد المياه والتربة المتاحة والتي هي محدودة أصلاً. سيصبح من المستحيل إطعام سكان العالم في المستقبل القريب باستخدام نظم الزراعة التقليدية ومن المهم تحسين وتطوير الطريقة التي ننتج بها غذائنا باستخدام تقنيات إنتاج أكثر تقدمًا ومن الضروري زيادة إنتاج الغذاء من الأراضي الزراعية الحالية باستخدام مدخلات أقل لتقليل الضغط على الموارد الطبيعية وبدون تقويض قدرتنا على الاستمرار في إنتاج المزيد من الغذاء. تمثل الزراعة المائية الحل الأمثل وهي صناعة متنامية لم تصل بعد إلى كامل إمكاناتها وتم استخدامها بنجاح في زراعة مجموعة متنوعة من المحاصيل مثل الخس والطماطم والخيار والورقيات والأزهار. في الزراعة المائية تزرع النباتات دون استخدام للتربة كوسط للنمو وتزود بالعناصر الغذائية من خلال المحاليل المغذية. من مزايا الزراعة بدون تربة الغلة العالية في مساحة محدودة وتوفير في المياه والأسمدة ويمكن أيضًا استخدامها في الأماكن التي يستحيل فيها القيام بأي نشاط زراعي أو المناطق التي تتميز بتدهور شديد للتربة. يمثل نهج الزراعة بدون تربة استجابة مواتية نحو زراعة أكثر صداقة للبيئة وأداة واعدة في مجال الغذاء الأمن. حاولنا من خلال هذه المقالة المرجعية شرح الزراعة المائية فوائدها، تاريخها، مكوناتها، أنواعها ومستقبلها.
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